vitamins for fishes & invertebrates

Pat-Provita
For Fishes and Invertebrates

Pat-Provita purpose is to provide multi-vitamins and amino-acids for fishes and invertebrates. Its benefits is due to an unique formulation of multi-vitamins and appetite stimulants which is specially design for use in salt and freshwater fishes and invertebrates.

A special formulation of stabilized vitamin C is incorporated in PAT-Provita that is readily absorbed into the bodies of the aquatic animals and prevent diseases such as hole in the head and vitamins deficiency.

Applications: Apply 1 drop per gallon (4.5 liters) of water twice a week for weekly maintenance and for breeding purposes and for sick fishes apply every alternate day and mixed in the food before feeding. Use in conjunction with PAT-Vital and PAT-Antiviral for better health performance and breeding conditions

Packing are available in 40 ML packing and its 40 ML treatment capacity treats 800 imperial gallons.

Aquatic & Aquarium Tips

Pruning and Planting. All plants are not trimmed the same way, depending on the type of plant, liverwort (and moss), fern, stem or rosette. Liverworts, such as Riccia fluitans or Monosolenium tenerum (erroneously called “Pellia”), are trimmed by merely separating a portion of the mass by pulling or snipping.

Young java fern shoots propagating from rotting older leaves
with its roots latching on-to a piece of rock. Java fern
(Microsorum pteropus) grow by attaching to rock or a
piece of driftwood, and almost any piece of older leave
can generate new growth.

Riccia fluitans or "Monoselenium tenerum" needs to be tied down or held to a rock or piece of driftwood with some hair net, or it will float and wander around in the water currents.

Riccia fluitans parts that you remove are capable of generating new plant growth by reusing any trimmings.

Riccia fluitans creeping up above the water level in a 5ft ceramic outdoor gold-fish pond with miniature water lilies.

The mini water lilies flowers are less than 8mm in size.

Almost any part or piece of Bolbitis heudelotiior can generate new growth (below pic), if you snip a large...

Riccia fluitans floating on water surface among the
miniature water lilies with tiny flower and buds?

strand of it and do not collect all the cuttings (even the small ones), they will move around in water until they snag somewhere and start new growth. With ferns, you can find new plants in unexpected places.

Another group of rosette plants comprises the many Echinodorus species, many of which form large rosettes (E. bleheri), while others have small rosettes but a lot of runners (E. anugustofolius). The latter can be trimmed like the Cryptocorynes by cutting away runners and removing some of the rosettes.

The larger rosettes, such as E. bleheri, can be trimmed in two ways. The first is by trimming away leaves as close to the base as possible.

This is best done by grabbing an outer stem as close to the rosette as possible, and gently peeling and pulling the stem from the rosette; the new leaves grow from the center of the rosette, and the older leaves are at the periphery of the rosette. Some Echinodorus like Amazon sword (E. bleheri), E. ozelot or E. “Rose” will form a second rosette next to the first.

Stems are the easiest plants to trim and replant. Ludwigia, Rotala, Hygrophila or one of the many other stem plants will grow planted or floating, can send out roots from any node along the stem where leaves form, and can be cut anywhere along the stem and reused.

When you crop a stem, many stems will develop two stems at the node below the cut, so judicious cropping is a way to help a stand of long stems develop a bushier appearance.

Stem plants can grow roots from the leaf nodes, and you can use this to your advantage when first starting a stand of stems. You can place a stem horizontally along the substrate, anchoring it in a few places or burying it in several places along the horizontal length.

Healthy Plants Require Balanced Growing conditions. An unbalanced planted aquarium need a high level of lighting without adding carbon dioxide.

Water Hardness, black or red algae affect your aquarium. Some sword plants growing from a riverbed that was pure calcium carbonate--yet, the swords were flourishing.

Some plants grow leaves from a central base. Such rosette plants include the genus Cryptocoryne wentii The strong roots can grow into a dense mass, requiring a sharp knife to divide plants.

Some rosette-type plants, including Cryptocoryne species, spread by sending out runners (like long, thick lateral roots) above or just below the substrate. Cryptocoryne are somewhat slow growing, the larger the piece you trim, the better suited it will be for reuse. These plants develop a sturdy rhizome as they mature.

Baby plants start growing at the end of the runner, and that plant then sends out another runner. Once a new plant is growing on a runner and has several leaves, you can snip the runner to divide the plants. You can leave these plants in place or replant them.

If the plants are growing too closely together for you to be able to pick out individual rosettes, you might have to cut away at the roots that have meshed with neighbors. A portion of root base with a half dozen or so leaves usually is adequate for growing a “plant.”

You can thin out a stand of Cryptocoryne by cutting away some of the stems at or near the substrate. If you can, try pulling away a few plants from the others – this will sometimes result in less damage to the roots.

A small amount of such thinning on a robust Cryptocoryne will not harm it. Unlike the ferns, these cut leaves will die and cannot be reused. Also, on a smaller plant, a Cryptocoryne might respond to leaf cutting by letting its remaining leaves rapidly deteriorate (Cryptocoryne meltdown).

After storing up nutrients for a while, the plant base will begin growing new stems and leaves. A better method is to cut away a length of a root with a sharp blade. The cutting can be replanted.

In taller aquaria, a stem plant will sometimes look nice closer to the light, but be pale, less leafy or even profuse with bare roots along the stem closer to, but above, the substrate. This is the result of stems shading their lower portions from the light.

Do Planted Tanks Require CO2? Beautiful aquatic plants growth depends on lighting. With low to moderate lighting, adding CO2 is not necessary.

Freshwater Java fern (Microsorum pteropus) can suffer from Java fern melt if blue-green algae is present due to nutrient deficiencies.

CO2 is only a problem for fishes if you add too much to the water. A good level for plants is about 20 to 30 ppm. CO2 doesn't stress fishes until the level gets to be about 50 ppm (parts per million).